Main Subject - Finance

The credit card is made of many plastic layers, laminated together. The center is commonly made from a plastic resin known as polyvinyl chloride acetate (PVCA).

According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product

This resin is then mixed with other materials, such as dyes and plasticizers to give it the appropriate look and feel.

A variety of inks or dyes, in various c

; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.

Examples of combination products may in

lors, are also used for printing credit cards. These inks and dyes are especially made for use on plastic. Special magnetic ink is also available to print the m

lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.

gnetic stripe (magstripe) on the rear side of the card. The inks are made by dispersing metal oxide particles in the appropriate solvents. Card issuers, such as

here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe

VISA, which have their own holograms, use additional special printing processes which are involved for cards, like VISA, with featured holograms.

The manufact

d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.

Combination pro

ring of the credit card takes place in the following steps:

1. Plastic compounding and molding: The plastic for the core sheet is made my melting PVCA with oth

ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc

r materials. This molten mixture is put in the appropriate molding equipment, and is flattened to the right thickness by passing it through rollers. This sheet

easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi

is then allowed to cool down.

2. Printing: Each card sheet is then printed with text as well as graphics. Silk screening and magnetic ink printing are the proc

nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically

sses used. The magnetic strip can also be created using hot stamping. Magnetic heads are used to code and decode the iron particles in the strip, so that releva

and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ

t information can be stored in them. However, the magnetic particles can only be useful if they are on the surface of the card, therefore this step is performed

ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi

after the lamination.

3. Lamination: Essentially, lamination protects the card, and improves its strength. Lamination is done on both sides of the card.

4. Cu

ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.

Following aspects would a

tting and Embossing: After lamination, each sheet is cut into a set of cards. Each sheet gives a yield of around 63 cards. The sheet is first cut into seven sec

dd to the challenges in developing combination products:

Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod

ions longitudinally, and then each of the seven sections is cut into nine cards. Each card is now a separate credit card, and will be embossed with account numb

cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin

rs, and other information. The cards are now ready for shipment to the cardholders! Each card has to be of the premium quality. Customers cannot be given cards

tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen

which will break or be damaged after a certain period of time. Key quality issues are linked with the compounding of plastic and color matching of the inks. The

t?

As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel

American National Standards Institute has a standard for plastic raw materials (ANSI specification x4.16-1973). Ingredients have to be correctly weighed, mixed

ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.

Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust

nd blended under the proper temperatures and other manufacturing conditions. Similarly, the molding process must be scrutinized to avoid flaws and defects, whic

y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products

h could cause the cards to crack or rupture. The final quality check is to make sure the right numbers are stamped on the cards through the embossing process.

.

As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de

he many evolving technologies in this area will help create the credit cards with better quality and make them more cost effective in terms of manufacturing. Ne

elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.

Companies that provide selfless information through particip

generations of credit cards might carry integrated computer chips, containing a variety of valuable information, making the card more useful, as well as secure

tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products

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