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Anyone who is responsible for a company’s technical documents - operator’s manuals, service manuals, etc. - will be aware that what the end user wants is perfectly consistent vocabu

According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product

lary, to avoid any ambiguity. If it said “retaining bolt” in the previous page, why does it say “retaining screw” on this page? It is the same thing?

Recent years have seen great

; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.

Examples of combination products may in

progress in the standardisation of vocabulary and phrasing in technical documents, and a great deal of that progress is due to the increasing use of translation memories. You may

lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.

ave tried out some of the “on-line translation” systems available on the Internet. You will have seen that while it is often possible to understand more or less what the original t

here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe

ext wanted to say, the language employed is usually not acceptable. You only have to translate a short text into a foreign language and then translate the result back into English

d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.

Combination pro

o see what sort of a mess the translation is to the foreign reader.

Translation memory has nothing to do with that sort of “on-line translation”. Translation memories are used to

ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc

record accurate translations made by qualified translators, so that the next time the same words are used in the original text, the translation memory will automatically produce the

easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi

same translation. This provides consistency of vocabulary and phrasing.

Translation memories are used by translation agencies and freelancers for two purposes:

To save ti

nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically

me in translation, since the translator does not have to type the sentence again. This saves money.Like most service companies, translation agencies are selling time – the time tha

and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ

their translators take in typing out and checking a translation.

To ensure consistency, particularly in repeated sentences. This gives the reader confidence in the documen

ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi

t concerned, since he or she sees identical phrases and vocabulary in various parts of the document. It also ensures consistency of vocabulary, so that no confusion can exist as to

ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.

Following aspects would a

“Is this the same thing they were talking about on page 33 ?”. When various companies started to produce translation memories in the 1990’s, they were mainly used by freel

dd to the challenges in developing combination products:

Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod

nce translators to save time and to produce standardised translations. Translation agencies, almost all of which use freelance translators when their in-house staff have too much wo

cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin

rk, then started to use translation memory systems for the same purposes. The cost of translation was sometimes reduced, since three categories of translation were used:

tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen

fect match (when the sentence to be translated already existed in the translation memory – no action on the part of the translator – the computer translates the sentence automatical

t?

As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel

ly) This category is often paid at 20% or 30% of “per word” price.

Fuzzy match (when the sentence to be translated is almost the same as a sentence in the translation memory

ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.

Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust

in this case the translator has to check it for differences). This is often paid at 50% or 60% of “per-word” price.

No match (when there is no such sentence in the translat

y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products

ion memory). This is paid at 100% of “per-word” price.Among some of the bigger companies in the world it then became usual to work with translation agencies who kept such

.

As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de

emories on their behalf. Translation memories are now often used by the translation agencies for their medium and small customers and the advantages as regards consistency are immed

elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.

Companies that provide selfless information through particip

iately apparent to anybody reading the technical documentation.Companies working with translation agencies who use these systems also often enjoy lower prices for their translations

tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products

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If you are thinking about starting a career in the social work field this is a must read to get you started.

Good customer service is vital for a successful Internet business. Sometimes people forget that businesses are run by human beings for human beings and as such common sense courtesies go a long way. This article offers a simple message about the core of good customer service.

Beyond feedback, there is idea implementation itself. If individuals do not see any of their ideas implemented, then the effects are:

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